Cross-Wadi Walls in Arid Zones in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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FAO KSA
Abstract
This technical report presents the cross-wadi wall technology as a sustainable water- and soil-harvesting solution for arid and hyper-arid environments in Saudi Arabia. The method consists of constructing low dry-stone or partially cemented walls across ephemeral wadis to slow runoff, trap sediments, and enhance groundwater recharge, thereby creating favourable conditions for the establishment of native vegetation.
The technology has been implemented since 2020, particularly in Thadiq National Park and the North Riyadh UNESCO Global Geopark. The report demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing flash-flood impacts, restoring degraded wadis, supporting biodiversity recovery, and contributing to climate-resilient land restoration aligned with Vision 2030 and the Saudi Green Initiative.
Description
The document provides detailed technical guidance on the design, construction, maintenance, and costing of cross-wadi walls. It covers site selection, wall dimensions, stone masonry techniques, sediment management, integration with tree planting, and phased maintenance over several years. Detailed cost estimates per structure, technical drawings, and layout options are included to support field implementation.
It also analyses socio-economic, ecological, and climate impacts, including erosion control, groundwater recharge, vegetation recovery, biodiversity enhancement, apiculture development, and ecotourism potential. The technology is classified under Sustainable Land Management (SLM) and aligned with WOCAT standards for water and soil conservation.
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Lacroix, É., Albarih, S., Alotibi, Y., Boudi, N., Critchley, W., Dabelwait, M., Gitonga, N. J., Hamid, A., Hassaballa, A., Kamerino, S., Majrashi, M., & Mekdaschi, R. (2025). Cross-wadi walls in arid zones in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).