Tree Plantation Pits in Arid Zones in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
FAO KSA
Abstract
This technical document presents tree plantation pits as a scientifically proven water-harvesting and vegetation-restoration technology for arid and hyper-arid zones in Saudi Arabia. Developed under the leadership of the National Centre for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), with technical support from FAO through the Sustainable Rural Agricultural Development (SRAD) Programme, the method demonstrates how structured runoff capture can restore degraded desert landscapes.
The technique involves excavating rectangular pits along wadis and drainage lines to capture rainfall runoff, sediments, and organic matter. Indigenous tree species such as Vachellia, Ziziphus, and Haloxylon are planted and supported with supplemental irrigation during the establishment phase. The document reports strong survival rates, improved soil moisture, enhanced groundwater recharge, and significant biodiversity and socio-economic benefits, including apiculture and nature-based tourism.
Description
The document provides detailed technical guidance on the design, establishment, maintenance, and cost structure of tree plantation pits as a sustainable land management (SLM) technology. It describes site selection criteria, pit dimensions and layout, water requirements, irrigation methods using tanker lorries, and phased maintenance activities over three years. Cost breakdowns per hectare, technical drawings, and layout options are provided to support large-scale replication.
The impacts of the technology are analysed from socio-economic, ecological, and climate-response perspectives. Results from Thadiq National Park illustrate improved vegetation cover, reduced erosion, enhanced habitat quality, and increased community participation. The system is classified under WOCAT as a combined water-harvesting and vegetation-restoration technology contributing to land degradation neutrality, climate adaptation, and Vision 2030 objectives.
Citation
Lacroix, É., Albarih, S., Al Eissa, A., Alotibi, Y., Boudi, N., Critchley, W., Dabelwait, M., Gitonga, N. J., Hamid, A., Kamerino, S., Majrashi, M., & Mekdaschi, R. (2025). Tree plantation pits in arid zones in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.